America s Need For Black Gold - 1221 Words

Joseph Brickey Elizabeth Hantack Pre-AP English II 24 February 2017 America’s Need for Black Gold In 1973, in the wake of conflict in the Middle East, US drivers were feeling the repercussions with every gallon of gasoline and oil that they consumed. The members of OPEC placed an oil embargo on the US and several other nations because of their aid to the Israeli military. This embargo greatly pressured the US, who was highly dependent on foreign oil. In the aftermath of this crisis, President Nixon called for the increased energy production to avoid this problem in the future. Yet, in this present day, the United States faces a similar, although not as extreme, situation. Measures must be made to make the United States energy independent.†¦show more content†¦As of 2015, US natural gas proved reserves totalled 324.3 tcfg. The US produces 28.8 mmcfg (million million cubic feet of gas) each year (4). With unrestricted drilling of new sites, totalling 723 tcfg, the US could significantly increase its natural gas production per year in th e next 10-20 years (5). Body Paragraph 2 Domestic Production would create many jobs for citizens in rural communities Construction, alone, of the Keystone Pipeline will generate 42,000 jobs (2). As of January 2017, US oil and natural gas companies have employed 177,000 to produce, refine, and distribute oil products. By 2024, experts project the number to rise to 220,000, an almost 25% increase. Oil and natural gas companies hoping to drill unconfirmed sites in the United States will need to employ more and more people. (6). Hydrofracking and drilling are dangerous practices that could endanger the environment and workers. The US Department of Labor has recorded a steady decrease of work-related injuries and fatalities since 2012 and as of 2014, 120 work related fatalities have been recorded, 38% lower than 2013 (6). This decline in fatalities can be attributed to several factors, safer equipment, more safety regulations, etc. A new fracturing fluid used in the fracking process has been developed byShow MoreRelatedAfrican Culture : Africa Is A Mystery1378 Words   |  6 PagesMediterranean Sea and Europe with the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. For most people, Africa is a mystery, a dream, a place often gives people unlimited reveries. where the dense lush tropical rainforest, the world s most vast expanse of the Sahara, there is quaint rough customs, as well as their rich flavor food. To me, before I really search African, I thought that the African countries are poor, are behind the modern. And when I searched the African culture, oneRead MoreLynching, Frederic Douglas and Black Women in Society1376 Words   |  5 PagesCan’t believe it’s already over. I know I didn’t say much but I can honestly say I’m grateful and I really enjoyed this class. 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Is costumer behavior a quantitative science or qualitativ Free Essays

Introduction All of us are consumers. We consume good everyday, we consume and buy products and services according to our needs, preferences and buying power. What we buy, how we buy, where and when we buy, in how much quantity we buy depends on our social and cultural background and our age and family but also on our perception, attitudes, beliefs and values, motivation, personality, and many other factors that are both internal and external to us. We will write a custom essay sample on Is costumer behavior a quantitative science or qualitativ or any similar topic only for you Order Now All this process is what we call in economics term consumer behaviour. It is important to say that we also consider before buying whether to buy or not to buy and, from which source or sellers. The marketers try to understand the needs of different consumers and having understood different behaviours require they study in their internal and external environment, they formulate their plans for marketing. I will try to develop an interdisciplinary approach of consumer behaviour starting from defining the concept moving to microeconomics methodological study and passing through the behavioural economics highly mphasizing on factors that influence the decision-making process of consumers behaviour I think two summarize more the concepts: â€Å"Customer behaviour reflects the totally of consumer decision with respect to the acquisition, consumption and disposing of goods, services, activities experiences, people and ideas by (human) decision-making†l . Customer behaviour means more than Just the way that a person buys tangible product such as cars. It also included peoples use of services, experiences and activities such as going to the doctor. Microeconomics and Behaviour economics I start with a brief overview of to microeconomics theory, which represents a starting point for examining costumer behaviour. The microeconomics theory makes the assumption that â€Å"Consumer behave rationally and given the chance they will choose the best alternative of with their level of income and preference2† Neoclassical economic coincided with the dominance of the positivist methodological position that judges a theory by its ability to make predictions that are supported by the evidence. In Microeconomics â€Å"the individual firm rationally maximizes profit through purchase decision†3. n sum the microeconomics theory balances tour elements tn consumer’s available income, the price of the goods, the consumer’s tastes or preferences, and the assumption of utility maximization. In such models, utility can best be thought of as levels of satisfaction, happiness or personal benefit. By using the assumption that individuals act in order to maximize personal subjective benefits, economists make costumer behaviour analyse quite simple as they â€Å"apply powerful mathematical techniques for modelling behaviour outcomes4†. The Microeconomics model of costumer behaviour often correspond to how costumer ehave however clear and voluminous evidence from psychology has shown that the rationality assumption of standards economics are wrong. Evidence from psychology has shown that we often are irrational. â€Å"This selfish maximization principle of Homo economicus limits the application of neoclassical economics to other areas†5 Recognition of these difficulties had led to a series of new approaches to modelling the individual behaviour, mostly based on challenges to the assumption of neoclassical economics. At the end of the 20th century the strict neoclassical position came under attack from many different directions. Some of these merely suggested more complex objectives and constraints, while others took economics is new directions by putting an emphasis on uncertainty and risk†6. Simon argued that human behaviour is best modelled as aspiration-based, rather than as optimizing behaviour. In his view is important to achieve aspiration levels with satisfactory outcomes indicating that â€Å"satisfy’ behaviour is normal and optimizing behaviour is abnormal. How to cite Is costumer behavior a quantitative science or qualitativ, Papers

Philip Morris Essay Example For Students

Philip Morris Essay Complete Philip Morris Marketing Analysis Definition of Industry Market Concept The tobacco industry consists of many competitors trying to satisfy a specific customer need. Companies such as Philip Morris, RJ Reynolds, Brown and Williamson, and Lorillard hold almost the entire market share in the tobacco industry. While each company has different advertising and marketing techniques, they all target the same customer group. Tobacco companies try their best to generate interest in their particular brand or brands. Companies market a number of attributes that usually include, but are not limited to: taste, flavor, strength, size and image in order to distinguish themselves from competitors (Business Week 179, November 29, 1999). However, all tobacco companies are satisfying the same needs. Many long-time smokers are addicted to the nicotine in cigarettes. They smoke because the nicotine is needed to help them feel normal (Focus group). Many addicts go through withdraw without nicotine. All tobacco companies have nicotine in their cigarettes, which fulfills the need of long-time smokers. Other smokers depend on cigarettes in social settings. Many smoke to look sophisticated and mature. Tobacco companies make many kinds of cigarettes that target different groups. Social smokers may perceive certain brands as more sophisticated, and therefore they shy away from other lesser-known brands. For example, a person who smoked generic cigarettes at the bar may be perceived as uncultured. On the other hand, the smoker with the Marlboro Lights may be more socially accepted because they have a brand name product (Focus group). Many types of cigarettes cater to the many markets of smokers who want to portray a certain image in social settings. Tobacco companies do not create the need to smoke, but try to generate interest in their particular brand (Hays, New York Times, November 24, 1999). Overall, the tobacco companies satisfy consumer demand for the millions of adult Americans who choose to use tobacco by providing differentiated products to different target markets of smokers.Industry Concept The tobacco industry has developed a rather large array of products. Companies such as Philip Morris, Lorillard, RJ Reynolds, and Brown and Williamson, as well as the other smaller competitors, all provide the same product- cigarettes. The tobacco industry is filled with fierce competitors. But underneath the brand names and images, the product is relatively the same. All tobacco companies produce an inhalant that is made with tobacco, tar, and nicotine. These materials are rolled in a special kind of slow-burning paper for longer smoking time. The cigarettes are approximately three to four inches long and come in packs of twenty to twenty-five. With so many similarities, one would think that the market would resemble that of a commodity. However, through brand marketing and promotions, each cigarette is uniquely different in the mind of the customer. Boundaries The tobacco industry can be broadly or narrowly defined. Many products use tobacco as the main material. We chose to define the market by focusing on the tobacco and the way it is smoked. Companies such as Philip Morris, Lorillard, RJ Reynolds, and Brown and Williamson are the main competitors in the tobacco industry (Pollack, Advertising Age, August 30, 1999). They produce cigarettes, which are lit and the smoke is inhaled to the lungs. Tobacco products such as cigars, snuff, and chew are considered close substitutes to cigarettes. Cigar smoke is just taken into the mouth, but not inhaled like cigarettes. Snuff and chew do not even contain smoke, but are put on the skin for nicotine absorption. Companies such as Imperial Tobacco, which produce a wide array of chew and snuff products, would be considered a company that provides substitutes to cigarettes. .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a , .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a .postImageUrl , .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a , .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a:hover , .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a:visited , .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a:active { border:0!important; } .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a:active , .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6e1cc7769ebbfa324ce28c6fa878837a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Notes to Myself Essay They would not fall in the cigarette industry itself. 2 .Situation Analysis 2.1 Industry Structural Analysis 2. 1.1 Threat of Entry The tobacco industry has a very low threat of entry. A few powerful firms, such as Philip Morris, RJ Reynolds, Lorillard, and Brown and Williamson, control most of the industry (Pollack, Advertising Age, August 30, 1999). Any new entrants would be sure to receive heavy retaliation from the other companies fighting to keep their share of the lucrative industry. For example, Philip Morris is by far the industry leader with estimated tobacco sales of $46.7 billion